Skip to lesson

Math · Integrated Math 3

Chapter 6: Trigonometric Graphs and Identities

Sum, Difference, and Double Angle

Sine does not distribute.

Lesson
2
Time
About 22 minutes
0 of 12 done

Step 1: Let's Learn

Read it, or press Listen and follow the words.

sin(A + B) is not sin A + sin B. Testing A = B = 30° shows it immediately: sin 60° is not 1.

The sum formulas

sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B.

The sign flip

Sine keeps the sign of the operation; cosine reverses it. That reversal is the detail people forget.

Double angle

Setting B = A gives sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A and cos 2A = cos²A − sin²A.

Three forms of cos 2A

Using the Pythagorean identity turns it into 1 − 2sin²A or 2cos²A − 1. All three are the same statement.

Exact values

They reach angles the special triangles miss. 75° is 45° + 30°, so its exact value follows from two known ones.

Sine does not distribute

sin(A + B) is not sin A + sin B. Check with 30° and 60°: the left side is 1 and the right about 1.37. Assuming linearity is the most damaging misconception in trigonometry.

The addition formulas

sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B, and cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B. The sign flip in the cosine version is the detail most often lost.

Double angles are the special case

Setting B = A gives sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A and cos 2A = cos²A − sin²A. They are not separate results but the addition formulas with equal angles.

They generate new exact values

Since 75° is 30° + 45°, the addition formula gives sin 75° exactly. Combined with half-angle formulas, the set of angles with known exact values becomes surprisingly large.

Step 2: Try It Yourself

Tap and try it out.

Set the angle to 45°, then to 30°, then to 75°. The third value comes from combining the first two.
(0.259, 0.966)
  • Angle75° = 5π/12 rad
  • x-coordinate0.259
  • y-coordinate0.966
  • cos 75°0.259
  • sin 75°0.966

The cosine is the x-coordinate and the sine is the y-coordinate. They are not merely equal — they are the same two numbers, which is why angles past 90° cause no trouble.

Step 3: Watch an Example

One step at a time.

Watch Sana Find an Exact Value

Sana needs sin 75° exactly.

  1. Step 1

    75° is not on a special triangle, but 45° + 30° is 75°.

Step 4: Your Turn

Practice makes it stick.

The Test

Problem 1 of 2

Is sin(A + B) equal to sin A + sin B? 1 yes, 0 no.

The Double

Problem 2 of 2

sin A = 0.6 and cos A = 0.8. What is sin 2A?

Combine the Angles

1 of 8

sin A = 0.6, cos A = 0.8. What is sin 2A?

2 of 8

Same values. What is cos 2A?

3 of 8

sin A = 0.5, cos A = 0.866. What is sin 2A, to three decimal places?

4 of 8

75° is the sum of 45° and which angle, in degrees?

5 of 8

In cos(A + B), what sign sits between the two products? 1 plus, 2 minus.

6 of 8

How many equivalent forms does cos 2A have?

7 of 8

Sort each formula by which sign it uses between the products.

Tap something to move it.

  • Empty
  • Empty

8 of 8

sin A = 0.8, cos A = 0.6. What is sin 2A?

Step 5: Quick Check

Show what you know.

Question 1 of 2

sin A = 0.6 and cos A = 0.8. What is cos 2A?

Question 2 of 2

Which formula reverses the sign between its products?

What You Learned

  • sin(A + B) is not sin A + sin B.
  • Sine keeps the operation sign; cosine reverses it.
  • Double angle formulas come from setting B equal to A.