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Math · Grade 6 Math

Chapter 3: Dividing Fractions and Decimal Arithmetic

Pulling Out a Common Factor

The distributive property, read backwards.

Lesson
6
Time
About 18 minutes
0 of 7 done

Step 1: Let's Learn

Read it, or press Listen and follow the words.

36 + 8 can be written as 4 × (9 + 2), because 4 divides both.

Use the greatest one

2 also divides both, giving 2 × (18 + 4). Using the greatest common factor leaves the smallest numbers inside.

What goes inside

Divide each original number by the factor: 36 ÷ 4 = 9 and 8 ÷ 4 = 2.

Check by expanding

4 × 9 is 36 and 4 × 2 is 8. Multiply back out and the original sum returns.

The distributive property, backwards

You know 3 × (4 + 5) = 3 × 4 + 3 × 5. Read right to left: 12 + 15 = 3 × (4 + 5). Pulling out a common factor is the same property used in the other direction, and it is the foundation of factorising in algebra.

Pull out the greatest common factor

For 18 + 24, the GCF is 6, so it becomes 6 × (3 + 4). Pulling out a smaller common factor like 2 also works — 2 × (9 + 12) — but leaves more to do. Taking the greatest one finishes the job in a single step.

Check by expanding back

6 × (3 + 4) = 18 + 24. Multiplying back out should return exactly what you started with. If it does not, the factor was applied to only one term — the commonest slip when factorising.

Why bother

Factored form often reveals structure: 18 + 24 being 6 × 7 tells you the total is a multiple of 6. In algebra, factorising is how equations get solved. Meeting it here with plain numbers means the algebra later will feel familiar.

Step 2: Try It Yourself

Tap and try it out.

A common factor is a side length both rectangles can share.

9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 36

4 × 9 = 36

4 rows of 9 makes 36.

Step 3: Watch an Example

One step at a time.

Watch Leo Factor 24 + 18

Leo rewrites 24 + 18 with a common factor outside.

  1. Step 1

    He lists what divides 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.

Step 4: Your Turn

Practice makes it stick.

The Common Factor

Problem 1 of 2

What is the greatest common factor of 20 and 30?

Inside the Bracket

Problem 2 of 2

20 + 30 = 10 × (2 + ?). What goes in place of the question mark?

Take the Factor Out

1 of 4

Greatest common factor of 12 and 18?

2 of 4

12 + 18 = 6 × (2 + ?). What is the missing number?

3 of 4

Greatest common factor of 15 and 25?

4 of 4

15 + 25 = 5 × (3 + ?). What is the missing number?

Step 5: Quick Check

Show what you know.

Question 1 of 1

Greatest common factor of 16 and 24?

What You Learned

  • A sum can be rewritten as a common factor times a smaller sum.
  • Divide each number by the factor to find what goes in the bracket.
  • Using the greatest common factor leaves the smallest numbers inside.