Skip to lesson

Math · Grade 6 Math

Chapter 7: Area and Surface Area

Breaking a Shape Apart

An awkward outline is a few easy ones.

Lesson
5
Time
About 19 minutes
0 of 7 done

Step 1: Let's Learn

Read it, or press Listen and follow the words.

No formula exists for an L-shape. Cut it into two rectangles and add their areas.

Finding the lengths you were not given

A cut usually creates a side with no number on it. Work it out by subtracting from the full side.

Sometimes take away instead

A rectangle with a bite out of it is easier as the whole rectangle minus the bite.

Check the pieces fit

The pieces must cover the shape exactly, with no gaps and no overlaps.

Split into shapes you can handle

An awkward outline can almost always be cut into rectangles and triangles. Find each piece's area and add. The only judgement needed is where to cut, and any cut that produces shapes you know how to measure will do.

Or subtract from a bigger shape

Sometimes it is easier to enclose the shape in a rectangle and subtract the parts that are not in it. For a shape with a notch cut out, subtracting is far quicker than splitting. Try both mentally before committing.

Fill in the missing lengths first

Composite diagrams withhold measurements on purpose. If the whole top edge is 14 and one part is 9, the other is 5. Work out every length and write it on the diagram before calculating any area — most errors here are missing lengths, not arithmetic.

Check the total against a rough estimate

Judge roughly what fraction of the enclosing rectangle the shape covers, and compare with your calculated area. If the shape clearly covers most of a 100 square unit rectangle and you calculated 30, a piece went missing.

Step 2: Try It Yourself

Tap and try it out.

One piece of the shape at a time. Add the pieces at the end.

Area · squares inside

18

Perimeter · walk around

18

6 × 3 = 18 · 6 + 3 + 6 + 3 = 18

Area counts the squares inside. Perimeter measures the walk all the way round.

Step 3: Watch an Example

One step at a time.

Watch Ana Split an L-Shape

An L is 8 wide and 6 tall overall, with a 5 by 3 rectangle removed from the corner.

  1. Step 1

    She works out the whole rectangle first: 8 × 6 = 48.

Step 4: Your Turn

Practice makes it stick.

Two Rectangles

Problem 1 of 2

One piece is 4 by 3, the other 5 by 2. What is the total area?

The Bite

Problem 2 of 2

A 10 by 5 rectangle with a 4 by 2 piece removed. What area is left?

Piece by Piece

1 of 4

Pieces of 3 by 3 and 4 by 2. Total area?

2 of 4

A 6 by 6 square with a 2 by 2 corner removed. Area left?

3 of 4

Pieces of 5 by 4 and a triangle of base 4, height 3. Total area?

4 of 4

Must the pieces overlap to cover the shape?

Step 5: Quick Check

Show what you know.

Question 1 of 1

A 7 by 4 rectangle with a 3 by 2 piece removed. Area left?

What You Learned

  • A composite shape has no formula of its own.
  • Cut it into rectangles and triangles, or subtract a missing piece from a whole.
  • The pieces must fit exactly, with no gaps and no overlaps.