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Math · Algebra 1

Chapter 2: Inequalities

Inequalities in Two Variables

A whole region of the plane, not a line.

Lesson
5
Time
About 23 minutes
0 of 11 done

Step 1: Let's Learn

Read it, or press Listen and follow the words.

y < 2x + 1 is satisfied by a whole half of the plane, not by a single line.

The boundary

Graph the matching equation first. That line separates what works from what does not.

Solid or dashed

Use a solid line for ≤ or ≥, because the line itself belongs. Use dashed for < or >.

Which side to shade

Test one point not on the line — the origin is easiest. If it works, shade its side.

The solution is a region

y > 2x + 1 is satisfied by every point above the line y = 2x + 1. With two variables the solution set is an area of the plane, not a stretch of a line.

Solid or dashed boundary

Draw the boundary line dashed for strict inequalities and solid for ≤ or ≥. The line style records whether points on the boundary are included, which is information the shading alone cannot convey.

Test a point to choose the side

Pick a point not on the line — the origin is ideal when it is not on the boundary — and check whether it satisfies the inequality. If it does, shade its side. Testing beats trying to remember which direction each symbol shades.

Several inequalities together

A system of inequalities is satisfied only where all the shaded regions overlap. That overlap is the feasible region, and finding it is the foundation of linear programming — how businesses optimise under constraints.

Step 2: Try It Yourself

The boundary line. The solutions lie entirely on one side of it.

Set the boundary, then decide which side satisfies the inequality.
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y = 2x + 1

The slope is 2: for every 1 across, the line goes 2 up.

Step 3: Watch an Example

One step at a time.

Watch Priya Test the Origin

Priya graphs y < 2x + 1.

  1. Step 1

    She draws y = 2x + 1 as the boundary.

Step 4: Your Turn

Practice makes it stick.

Testing a Point

Problem 1 of 2

Does (0, 0) satisfy y < 2x + 1? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

The Line Style

Problem 2 of 2

For y ≤ 3x, is the boundary solid? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

Boundary and Side

1 of 8

y > x + 2. Is the boundary dashed? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

2 of 8

Does (0, 0) satisfy y > x + 2? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

3 of 8

Does (0, 5) satisfy y > x + 2? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

4 of 8

y ≥ 2x. Is the boundary solid? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

5 of 8

Order the steps for graphing a linear inequality.

  1. 1Make it solid or dashed
  2. 2Test a point off the line
  3. 3Shade the side that works
  4. 4Graph the boundary line

6 of 8

Does (2, 1) satisfy y < x? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

7 of 8

Can the origin be used as a test point for y < x? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

8 of 8

How many points satisfy a linear inequality in two variables? Use 99 for infinitely many.

Step 5: Quick Check

Show what you know.

Question 1 of 1

Does (0, 0) satisfy y < x − 3? 1 for yes, 0 for no.

What You Learned

  • A linear inequality in two variables is satisfied by half the plane.
  • The boundary is solid when equality is included and dashed when it is not.
  • Testing one point off the line decides which side to shade.