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Math · Algebra 1

Chapter 1: Expressions and Solving Equations

Absolute Value Equations

Two distances, so usually two answers.

Lesson
6
Time
About 22 minutes
0 of 11 done

Step 1: Let's Learn

Read it, or press Listen and follow the words.

The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero, so it is never negative.

Two cases

|x| = 5 means x is 5 units from zero, which happens at 5 and at −5.

Isolate first

Get the absolute value alone before splitting into cases, or the split is wrong.

When there is no answer

|x| = −3 has no solution. A distance cannot be negative.

An absolute value equation splits in two

|x − 3| = 5 means the distance from x to 3 is 5, which happens on either side: x − 3 = 5 or x − 3 = −5. So x = 8 or x = −2. Every absolute value equation becomes two ordinary ones.

Isolate the absolute value first

For 2|x − 3| + 1 = 11, get to |x − 3| = 5 before splitting. Splitting while other terms are still attached produces two wrong equations, and the error is hard to spot afterwards.

When there is no solution

|x − 3| = −5 has no solution, because a distance can never be negative. Checking for a negative right-hand side before splitting saves the work of solving two impossible equations.

Check both answers

Substitute each solution back into the original. Extraneous solutions can appear if the isolation step was mishandled, and only substitution into the original equation will reveal them.

Step 2: Try It Yourself

Tap and try it out.

Absolute value is distance from zero, measured either way.
-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1012345678910

5

Step 3: Watch an Example

One step at a time.

Watch Dev Split Into Cases

Dev solves |x − 2| = 6.

  1. Step 1

    The absolute value is already alone.

Step 4: Your Turn

Practice makes it stick.

The Positive Case

Problem 1 of 2

|x| = 9. What is the positive solution?

The Impossible One

Problem 2 of 2

|x| = −4. How many solutions?

Both Directions

1 of 8

|x| = 7. Positive solution?

2 of 8

|x| = 7. Negative solution?

3 of 8

|x − 3| = 5. What is the larger solution?

4 of 8

|x − 3| = 5. What is the smaller solution?

5 of 8

|x| = 0. How many solutions?

6 of 8

|x + 1| = 4. What is the larger solution?

7 of 8

|x| = −10. How many solutions?

8 of 8

Select every equation that has exactly two solutions.

Step 5: Quick Check

Show what you know.

Question 1 of 1

|x − 4| = 3. What is the larger solution?

What You Learned

  • Absolute value is distance from zero and is never negative.
  • An absolute value equation usually splits into two cases.
  • Equal to zero gives one solution; equal to a negative gives none.